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LATEST COMMENTARY

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FIVE THINGS TO KNOW

3:01 PM3-minute read

ABOUT MARK VILLAR’S MOVE TO THE SENATE MAJORITY

Senator Mark Villar has formally left the Senate minority and joined the majority. The October 8 move strengthens the bloc supporting the chamber’s leadership and gives Villar two significant positions. Its implications for Sara Duterte’s impeachment trial, however, require more than counting political allies.

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9:56 AM4-minute read

ABOUT THE MANAGER’S CHECKS AND THE QUESTIONS OVER SARA DUTERTE’S SALN

A bank balance can fall even when the value represented by the money has not disappeared. That distinction sits behind the prosecution’s questions about manager’s checks in Sara Duterte’s impeachment trial. To understand the October 7 testimony, we need to follow the instrument, the person entitled to its value and the declaration of assets for the relevant year.

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9:08 PM3-minute read

ABOUT WHAT COA’S REJECTION OF THE OVP APPEAL MEANS

COA has rejected the request to reconsider the ₱73.287-million disallowance involving the Office of the Vice President’s December 2022 confidential expenses. The October 5 resolution became public on October 7. Its significance is easier to understand when the amount, the audit finding and the available legal remedies are kept separate.

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7:47 AM3-minute read

ABOUT WHAT BANK SECRECY PROTECTS IN AN IMPEACHMENT TRIAL

The arguments over bank records in Sara Duterte’s impeachment trial involve several protections. The privacy of a peso deposit, the protection of a foreign-currency deposit, and the confidentiality of a report sent to the AMLC come from different rules. Understanding those differences helps explain what the court has allowed and what remains in dispute.

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8:43 AM8-minute read

ABOUT THE AMLC RECORDS IN SARA DUTERTE’S IMPEACHMENT TRIAL

₱4.4 billion is a figure that can dominate a conversation before anyone asks what it counts. AMLC Executive Director Ronel Buenaventura presented that approximate total in the Senate impeachment court on October 5, covering reported transactions involving Vice President Sara Duterte and her husband, Manases Carpio. He also explained that a bank correction had reduced the earlier figure of ₱6.7 billion.

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6:44 PM5-minute read

ABOUT THE COINS.PH CASH-IN RESTRICTION AND WHAT USERS SHOULD CHECK

If you use Coins.ph to receive money or pay bills, a failed cash-in can disrupt plans for the day. Coins.ph has announced that some incoming peso services are temporarily unavailable following a BSP directive to improve its internal controls. Its advisory also identifies services that existing customers can still use.

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12:00 PM5-minute read

ABOUT THE PROPOSED RULES ON SECONDHAND PHONES

A secondhand phone can put a useful device within reach of someone who cannot afford a new one. The problem comes when the buyer has no clear information about where it came from, what condition it is in, or who will fix it if it fails.

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8:35 PM6-minute read

ABOUT THE SUPREME COURT’S DECISION ON THE IMPEACHMENT VOTE THRESHOLD

The Supreme Court dismissed three petitions on September 30 challenging how the Senate impeachment court would count the votes needed to convict Vice President Sara Duterte. The dismissal leaves the Senate’s September 23 ruling in place, but it needs to be read carefully. A case can be dismissed because it does not meet the requirements for the Court to hear it, without settling whether the challenged action is constitutional.

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6:12 AM6-minute read

ABOUT WHAT BASTE DUTERTE SHOULD HAVE CHECKED AS MAYOR

Davao City Mayor Sebastian “Baste” Duterte told the Senate impeachment court on September 29 that he had been unfamiliar with GenCorp Industries Inc. before it came up in the proceedings. He also said he did not know about Vice President Sara Duterte’s declared business interest in the company.

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10:45 PM7-minute read

ABOUT THE OCTOBER WATER-RATE INCREASES

Metro Manila households served by Maynilad and Manila Water will see slightly higher water charges beginning October 1. The announced increases are small for many residential customers, but the figures vary by concessionaire and consumption level. That makes it easy to misunderstand a notice expressed only in centavos per cubic meter.

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7:21 AM6-minute read

ABOUT THE NOTE HANDED TO GIBO TEODORO IN SEOUL

Defense Secretary Gilberto “Gibo” Teodoro Jr. was answering questions at the Seoul Defense Dialogue on September 8 when a man handed him a note. He read it aloud, challenged its rejection of the 2016 South China Sea ruling and objected to being interrupted that way.

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9:55 AM8-minute read

ABOUT EL NIÑO AND PREPARING FOR LESS RAIN

It can be raining outside while PAGASA warns about El Niño. That can sound confusing when the immediate problem is a wet road or a flooded field. The two warnings describe different periods: the weather happening now and the rainfall conditions that may develop over the coming months.

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5:30 AM8-minute read

ABOUT THE NEW ARREST WARRANTS AGAINST ZALDY CO, MARTIN ROMUALDEZ AND TWO OTHERS

The Sandiganbayan has ordered the arrest of Zaldy Co, Martin Romualdez and two other accused in the plunder case filed on September 7. By Monday evening, authorities had served Romualdez's warrant and carried out booking procedures at Cardinal Santos Medical Center in San Juan. His arrest is a confirmed development; it does not establish that his three co-accused are also in custody.

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3:15 PM8-minute read

ABOUT THE PLUNDER CASE AGAINST MARTIN ROMUALDEZ

The Office of the Ombudsman filed a plunder case against former House Speaker Martin Romualdez at the Sandiganbayan on September 7 over his alleged involvement in flood-control kickbacks. The accusations have now reached the court that will handle the criminal case. Romualdez denies wrongdoing and remains presumed innocent.

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1:18 PM7-minute read

ABOUT THE NEW SWS POVERTY NUMBERS

Self-rated poverty and food poverty declined in June, but the figures also show how many Filipino families remain under pressure and why lower household budgets do not necessarily mean life became cheaper.

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2:02 PM11-minute read

ABOUT THE CHILDREN'S SOCIAL MEDIA SAFETY ACT

House Bill No. 9965 would bar children below 13 from having social media accounts, require parental consent for users aged 13 to 17, regulate platform algorithms, and impose fines reaching P50 million. It is still being deliberated in the House.

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12:02 PM7-minute read

ABOUT THE SEALED BIR BOX

Marcos authorized the BIR to comply with the Senate subpoena. That did not open the records to the public or prove the unexplained-wealth allegation.

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MCT READER PULSE · MCT-PULSE-2026-010

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October 8, 2026 · 9:56 AM4-minute read

ABOUT THE MANAGER’S CHECKS AND THE QUESTIONS OVER SARA DUTERTE’S SALN

A bank balance can fall even when the value represented by the money has not disappeared. That distinction sits behind the prosecution’s questions about manager’s checks in Sara Duterte’s impeachment trial. To understand the October 7 testimony, we need to follow the instrument, the person entitled to its value and the declaration of assets for the relevant year.

BPI witness Marwin Galvez testifies at the October 7, 2026 impeachment hearing. Credit: Ryan Baldemor / The Philippine STAR.
1

A MANAGER’S CHECK IS THE BANK’S OWN PROMISE TO PAY

A manager’s check is issued by a bank against itself. The purchaser supplies the funds, commonly through a debit to an account, and the bank issues a check payable to the named recipient. Supreme Court decisions describe it as a primary obligation of the issuing bank. Its issuance does not automatically mean the amount has been deposited into the payee’s account.

WHAT TO WATCH

This is an ordinary banking instrument with legitimate uses. The issue in the trial is how particular checks were used and accounted for. A check’s purchase, delivery, presentation, cancellation and eventual payment are different events; the records must establish which occurred.

2

THE PROSECUTION IS TRACING MONEY THROUGH DIFFERENT FORMS

GMA’s account of Galvez’s testimony traces a joint peso time deposit opened in January 2010 with a principal of ₱40.65 million. Renewals and interest brought it to about ₱41.7 million. The witness described records of a manager’s-check purchase in March 2011 and an unutilized check later that year. Prosecutor James Alih said the panel intended to establish a continuing pattern involving that money, another ₱55 million and later insurance purchases.

WHAT TO WATCH

These amounts should not simply be added each time they appear in a new instrument. If the same funds move between a deposit, a check and another asset, repeated entries can describe successive stages of one money trail. The dates and identities of the instruments are needed to determine whether amounts are separate or overlap.

3

A LOWER YEAR-END BANK BALANCE DOES NOT ANSWER THE WHOLE SALN QUESTION

Galvez explained that money allocated to a manager’s check would not appear in the purchaser’s account balance while it remained in the bank’s settlement account. The prosecution argues that this could conceal assets at year-end. That is the allegation to test against the records, rather than a conclusion supplied by the banking mechanism alone.

WHAT TO WATCH

Republic Act No. 6713 requires disclosure beyond a bank balance, including personal property, investments, cash and other assets. Annual SALNs refer to the position as of December 31 of the preceding year. The relevant inquiry is what asset or financial interest the official held on that date, its proper disclosure and whether it appeared in the declaration. Moving value into another form does not, by itself, explain whether the declaration was complete.

4

THE ACCOUNT SIGNATURES AND TRANSACTION SIGNATURES ARE DIFFERENT EVIDENCE

According to GMA’s report, presiding officer Francis Escudero confirmed Sara’s signature on account-opening and KYC documents, including an update dated June 13, 2023. He also confirmed that her signature did not appear on the transactions examined for the account ending in 9539. Defense counsel Michael Poa said she did not recall the account and had not participated in those transactions.

WHAT TO WATCH

Both parts belong in the explanation. A signature on an identity or account record establishes a different fact from a signature authorizing a particular payment. The absence of the latter does not erase the former; the presence of the former does not alone establish that she instructed every transaction. Knowledge, ownership, control and disclosure each need evidence.

5

THE MONEY TRAIL STILL HAS TO MEET THE DECLARATION

The useful comparison is between the dated bank records, the checks’ beneficiaries and disposition, the relevant SALNs and the explanations offered by each side. A financial instrument may account for a change in a bank balance while leaving unanswered who retained an interest in its value. That is why following only the year-end balance can leave a reader with an incomplete picture.

WHAT TO WATCH

The Senate must decide what the evidence proves under the impeachment charge. Buying a manager’s check is not itself a finding of concealment, and a defense statement is not itself a complete account of the money.

BOTTOM LINE

The significance of yesterday’s hearing is that it gives the court specific records and disputed explanations to compare.

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