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LATEST COMMENTARY

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FIVE THINGS TO KNOW

5-minute read

ABOUT BATO DELA ROSA’S ₱50-MILLION BOUNTY

The DILG announced a ₱50-million bounty for Senator Bato dela Rosa’s capture on October 23. The announcement came after months of talk about a possible reward—and days after Interior Secretary Jonvic Remulla said authorities knew dela Rosa was in Mindanao and were negotiating for his turnover.

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Afternoon6-minute read

ABOUT THE OVP’S 2027 BUDGET AFTER A 16-MINUTE SENATE HEARING

The Office of the Vice President’s proposed budget moved through a Senate panel today in 16 minutes. Vice President Sara Duterte was absent; her chief of staff answered for the office. Yesterday’s MCT explainer looked at parliamentary courtesy. Today’s question is what that short hearing actually did to the spending plan, and what it left for the Senate to examine.

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Afternoon6-minute read

ABOUT THE EDSA BUSWAY’S 2027 BUDGET GAP

The Department of Transportation is again asking Congress to fund the EDSA Busway. Its original ₱1.756 billion request received zero in the administration’s proposed 2027 National Expenditure Program. A House budget panel later inserted ₱75 million. Those two statements describe different stages of the same budget process. Neither tells us yet what Congress will finally approve.

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Afternoon7-minute read

ABOUT DECLARING AN AMBASSADOR PERSONA NON GRATA

Several lawmakers want Chinese Ambassador Jing Quan sent home. The Chinese Embassy has challenged them to follow through. That exchange leaves an ordinary reader with a reasonable question: if our own officials say an ambassador should leave, why is he still here?

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7:23 AM5-minute read

ABOUT LINO CAYETANO AND THE CHANGE AT THE PCO

President Ferdinand Marcos Jr. announced on October 11 that Lino Cayetano would replace Dave Gomez at the Presidential Communications Office. He said Gomez had been bypassed by the Commission on Appointments and that the change would be formalized when they returned from Singapore.

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6:10 PM4-minute read

ABOUT THE DISPUTE OVER CHANGING THE ORDER OF IMPEACHMENT WITNESSES

The argument at Thursday’s impeachment hearing was about which witness the prosecution could present next. It began with an absent lawyer and became a dispute over preparation and notice. Understanding the exchange helps explain why a courtroom can pause even when the parties, documents and another potential witness are already in the building.

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3:01 PM3-minute read

ABOUT MARK VILLAR’S MOVE TO THE SENATE MAJORITY

Senator Mark Villar has formally left the Senate minority and joined the majority. The October 8 move strengthens the bloc supporting the chamber’s leadership and gives Villar two significant positions. Its implications for Sara Duterte’s impeachment trial, however, require more than counting political allies.

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9:56 AM4-minute read

ABOUT THE MANAGER’S CHECKS AND THE QUESTIONS OVER SARA DUTERTE’S SALN

A bank balance can fall even when the value represented by the money has not disappeared. That distinction sits behind the prosecution’s questions about manager’s checks in Sara Duterte’s impeachment trial. To understand the October 7 testimony, we need to follow the instrument, the person entitled to its value and the declaration of assets for the relevant year.

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9:08 PM3-minute read

ABOUT WHAT COA’S REJECTION OF THE OVP APPEAL MEANS

COA has rejected the request to reconsider the ₱73.287-million disallowance involving the Office of the Vice President’s December 2022 confidential expenses. The October 5 resolution became public on October 7. Its significance is easier to understand when the amount, the audit finding and the available legal remedies are kept separate.

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7:47 AM3-minute read

ABOUT WHAT BANK SECRECY PROTECTS IN AN IMPEACHMENT TRIAL

The arguments over bank records in Sara Duterte’s impeachment trial involve several protections. The privacy of a peso deposit, the protection of a foreign-currency deposit, and the confidentiality of a report sent to the AMLC come from different rules. Understanding those differences helps explain what the court has allowed and what remains in dispute.

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8:43 AM8-minute read

ABOUT THE AMLC RECORDS IN SARA DUTERTE’S IMPEACHMENT TRIAL

₱4.4 billion is a figure that can dominate a conversation before anyone asks what it counts. AMLC Executive Director Ronel Buenaventura presented that approximate total in the Senate impeachment court on October 5, covering reported transactions involving Vice President Sara Duterte and her husband, Manases Carpio. He also explained that a bank correction had reduced the earlier figure of ₱6.7 billion.

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6:44 PM5-minute read

ABOUT THE COINS.PH CASH-IN RESTRICTION AND WHAT USERS SHOULD CHECK

If you use Coins.ph to receive money or pay bills, a failed cash-in can disrupt plans for the day. Coins.ph has announced that some incoming peso services are temporarily unavailable following a BSP directive to improve its internal controls. Its advisory also identifies services that existing customers can still use.

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12:00 PM5-minute read

ABOUT THE PROPOSED RULES ON SECONDHAND PHONES

A secondhand phone can put a useful device within reach of someone who cannot afford a new one. The problem comes when the buyer has no clear information about where it came from, what condition it is in, or who will fix it if it fails.

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8:35 PM6-minute read

ABOUT THE SUPREME COURT’S DECISION ON THE IMPEACHMENT VOTE THRESHOLD

The Supreme Court dismissed three petitions on September 30 challenging how the Senate impeachment court would count the votes needed to convict Vice President Sara Duterte. The dismissal leaves the Senate’s September 23 ruling in place, but it needs to be read carefully. A case can be dismissed because it does not meet the requirements for the Court to hear it, without settling whether the challenged action is constitutional.

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6:12 AM6-minute read

ABOUT WHAT BASTE DUTERTE SHOULD HAVE CHECKED AS MAYOR

Davao City Mayor Sebastian “Baste” Duterte told the Senate impeachment court on September 29 that he had been unfamiliar with GenCorp Industries Inc. before it came up in the proceedings. He also said he did not know about Vice President Sara Duterte’s declared business interest in the company.

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10:45 PM7-minute read

ABOUT THE OCTOBER WATER-RATE INCREASES

Metro Manila households served by Maynilad and Manila Water will see slightly higher water charges beginning October 1. The announced increases are small for many residential customers, but the figures vary by concessionaire and consumption level. That makes it easy to misunderstand a notice expressed only in centavos per cubic meter.

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7:21 AM6-minute read

ABOUT THE NOTE HANDED TO GIBO TEODORO IN SEOUL

Defense Secretary Gilberto “Gibo” Teodoro Jr. was answering questions at the Seoul Defense Dialogue on September 8 when a man handed him a note. He read it aloud, challenged its rejection of the 2016 South China Sea ruling and objected to being interrupted that way.

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9:55 AM8-minute read

ABOUT EL NIÑO AND PREPARING FOR LESS RAIN

It can be raining outside while PAGASA warns about El Niño. That can sound confusing when the immediate problem is a wet road or a flooded field. The two warnings describe different periods: the weather happening now and the rainfall conditions that may develop over the coming months.

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5:30 AM8-minute read

ABOUT THE NEW ARREST WARRANTS AGAINST ZALDY CO, MARTIN ROMUALDEZ AND TWO OTHERS

The Sandiganbayan has ordered the arrest of Zaldy Co, Martin Romualdez and two other accused in the plunder case filed on September 7. By Monday evening, authorities had served Romualdez's warrant and carried out booking procedures at Cardinal Santos Medical Center in San Juan. His arrest is a confirmed development; it does not establish that his three co-accused are also in custody.

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3:15 PM8-minute read

ABOUT THE PLUNDER CASE AGAINST MARTIN ROMUALDEZ

The Office of the Ombudsman filed a plunder case against former House Speaker Martin Romualdez at the Sandiganbayan on September 7 over his alleged involvement in flood-control kickbacks. The accusations have now reached the court that will handle the criminal case. Romualdez denies wrongdoing and remains presumed innocent.

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1:18 PM7-minute read

ABOUT THE NEW SWS POVERTY NUMBERS

Self-rated poverty and food poverty declined in June, but the figures also show how many Filipino families remain under pressure and why lower household budgets do not necessarily mean life became cheaper.

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2:02 PM11-minute read

ABOUT THE CHILDREN'S SOCIAL MEDIA SAFETY ACT

House Bill No. 9965 would bar children below 13 from having social media accounts, require parental consent for users aged 13 to 17, regulate platform algorithms, and impose fines reaching P50 million. It is still being deliberated in the House.

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12:02 PM7-minute read

ABOUT THE SEALED BIR BOX

Marcos authorized the BIR to comply with the Senate subpoena. That did not open the records to the public or prove the unexplained-wealth allegation.

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MCT READER PULSE · MCT-PULSE-2026-015

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September 8, 2026 · 9:05 PM6-minute read

ABOUT AMICI CURIAE IN SARA DUTERTE’S IMPEACHMENT TRIAL

An amicus curiae is someone who helps a court understand a legal question. The phrase means “friend of the court.” When more than one person takes that role, they are called amici curiae. They give advice. The court still makes the decision.

Senators Francis Escudero and Win Gatchalian at the September 7, 2026 impeachment hearing.
Joseph Vidal / Senate Social Media Unit Senate of the Philippines

The term came up at Sara Duterte’s impeachment hearing on September 8 because the Senate plans to invite legal experts to discuss how many votes are needed to convict her. Retired Supreme Court justices are being considered. The disagreement concerns the Constitution’s two-thirds requirement and questions about senators who are not attending the proceedings. Inviting experts does not change the voting rule or decide Duterte’s case.

1

A FRIEND OF THE COURT HELPS EXPLAIN THE LAW

An amicus can explain the meaning of a constitutional provision, discuss earlier court decisions and show how different interpretations would work. In this trial, that advice would help the senator-judges examine the rule for counting votes.

The word “friend” refers to helping the court. It does not give the adviser a vote or make the person part of the prosecution or defense. The adviser may agree with an argument from either side while still serving in that separate role.

Philippine legal practice recognizes this kind of assistance. The professional rules for lawyers address requests to serve as an amicus on questions related to their expertise. Experience with constitutional law can be useful here because the dispute concerns a requirement written into the Constitution.

WHAT TO WATCH

The invitations should identify the questions the experts will address. That will establish the scope of the consultation and whether it includes related questions about the court’s earlier ruling.

2

THE QUESTION IS HOW MANY VOTES ARE NEEDED TO CONVICT

The Constitution requires two-thirds of all Senate members to agree before an impeachment conviction. Presiding officer Francis Escudero has used the full 24-member Senate as the basis. Two-thirds of 24 is 16.

At the September 8 hearing, senator-judge Erwin Tulfo asked about voting and members who were not attending. Senator-judge Pia Cayetano also questioned whether the impeachment court could revisit Escudero’s earlier ruling. The disagreement therefore includes both the counting rule and the court’s power to reconsider it.

The number has a direct effect on the outcome. Under a 16-vote requirement, 15 votes for conviction would fall short. A senator’s absence does not automatically establish a lower requirement. The planned consultation gives the court a chance to hear the legal arguments before resolving the dispute.

WHAT TO WATCH

The court’s ruling should state the number of votes required and explain its basis. The plan to seek advice did not itself replace the 16-vote interpretation.

3

THE EXPERTS HAD NOT YET BEEN PUBLICLY CONFIRMED

Escudero said names of retired Supreme Court justices had been discussed with the prosecution and defense. He did not announce them because they had not yet been contacted. The September 8 announcement therefore did not provide a confirmed list of participants.

Senator-judge Francis Pangilinan proposed allowing the presiding officer to choose the amici after consulting both sides. That would give the prosecution and defense a part in the discussion about whom to invite. It would not commit either side to accepting the advice later given.

An expert’s experience can help explain the law, but the arguments remain open to disagreement. An adviser who agrees with the prosecution or defense on one question does not become that side’s lawyer. The Senate still has to weigh the reasons offered.

WHAT TO WATCH

Accepted invitations will establish who is taking part and whether the proposed schedule can proceed. The names, availability and questions assigned to the experts had not all been confirmed in the September 8 announcement.

4

THEIR ADVICE CANNOT DECIDE WHETHER THE CHARGES ARE PROVED

The advisers are being asked about the voting requirement. Their views cannot establish what happened to confidential funds or whether an allegation against Duterte has been proved. Those questions depend on the evidence presented during the trial and the Senate’s assessment of it.

The Constitution gives the Senate the power to try and decide impeachment cases. A retired Supreme Court justice invited as an amicus would not be issuing a Supreme Court judgment. The person would be giving advice to the impeachment court.

The Senate does not have to adopt that advice. It may accept the argument, accept part of it or reach a different conclusion. An opinion supporting one side’s position also does not amount to a ruling in that side’s favor.

WHAT TO WATCH

After the experts speak, the Senate’s own ruling will establish the interpretation it adopts. A ruling on the voting requirement would settle that question without deciding the allegations against Duterte.

5

SEPTEMBER 16 AND SEPTEMBER 23 HAVE DIFFERENT PURPOSES

Escudero tentatively set September 16 for the amici curiae to appear, depending on their availability. September 23 was intended for oral arguments by the prosecution and defense on the voting question. Oral arguments give the lawyers a chance to explain their positions and answer questions from the court.

The plan would give the senator-judges expert advice first, followed by the arguments of the two sides. It also called for action on the voting issue after those arguments. The schedule could still change through later court announcements.

Neither date was announced as a guaranteed date for Duterte’s conviction or acquittal. The planned discussions concern how the votes should be counted. Whether the evidence proves an impeachment charge remains a separate decision in the trial.

WHAT TO WATCH

The confirmed notices will establish whether the September 16 consultation and September 23 arguments will proceed as proposed. Any ruling afterward should state the voting requirement the Senate adopts.

BOTTOM LINE

The Senate plans to ask legal experts for advice about the votes needed to convict Sara Duterte. They can explain the constitutional arguments, but they cannot change the rule on their own or decide the case. Those decisions remain with the senator-judges.

As announced on September 8, the experts had not yet been publicly confirmed. Their consultation and the arguments from the prosecution and defense concern the voting rule. The allegations against Duterte still have to be decided through the impeachment trial.

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