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LATEST COMMENTARY

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FIVE THINGS TO KNOW

7:23 AM5-minute read

ABOUT LINO CAYETANO AND THE CHANGE AT THE PCO

President Ferdinand Marcos Jr. announced on October 11 that Lino Cayetano would replace Dave Gomez at the Presidential Communications Office. He said Gomez had been bypassed by the Commission on Appointments and that the change would be formalized when they returned from Singapore.

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6:10 PM4-minute read

ABOUT THE DISPUTE OVER CHANGING THE ORDER OF IMPEACHMENT WITNESSES

The argument at Thursday’s impeachment hearing was about which witness the prosecution could present next. It began with an absent lawyer and became a dispute over preparation and notice. Understanding the exchange helps explain why a courtroom can pause even when the parties, documents and another potential witness are already in the building.

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3:01 PM3-minute read

ABOUT MARK VILLAR’S MOVE TO THE SENATE MAJORITY

Senator Mark Villar has formally left the Senate minority and joined the majority. The October 8 move strengthens the bloc supporting the chamber’s leadership and gives Villar two significant positions. Its implications for Sara Duterte’s impeachment trial, however, require more than counting political allies.

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9:56 AM4-minute read

ABOUT THE MANAGER’S CHECKS AND THE QUESTIONS OVER SARA DUTERTE’S SALN

A bank balance can fall even when the value represented by the money has not disappeared. That distinction sits behind the prosecution’s questions about manager’s checks in Sara Duterte’s impeachment trial. To understand the October 7 testimony, we need to follow the instrument, the person entitled to its value and the declaration of assets for the relevant year.

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9:08 PM3-minute read

ABOUT WHAT COA’S REJECTION OF THE OVP APPEAL MEANS

COA has rejected the request to reconsider the ₱73.287-million disallowance involving the Office of the Vice President’s December 2022 confidential expenses. The October 5 resolution became public on October 7. Its significance is easier to understand when the amount, the audit finding and the available legal remedies are kept separate.

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7:47 AM3-minute read

ABOUT WHAT BANK SECRECY PROTECTS IN AN IMPEACHMENT TRIAL

The arguments over bank records in Sara Duterte’s impeachment trial involve several protections. The privacy of a peso deposit, the protection of a foreign-currency deposit, and the confidentiality of a report sent to the AMLC come from different rules. Understanding those differences helps explain what the court has allowed and what remains in dispute.

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8:43 AM8-minute read

ABOUT THE AMLC RECORDS IN SARA DUTERTE’S IMPEACHMENT TRIAL

₱4.4 billion is a figure that can dominate a conversation before anyone asks what it counts. AMLC Executive Director Ronel Buenaventura presented that approximate total in the Senate impeachment court on October 5, covering reported transactions involving Vice President Sara Duterte and her husband, Manases Carpio. He also explained that a bank correction had reduced the earlier figure of ₱6.7 billion.

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6:44 PM5-minute read

ABOUT THE COINS.PH CASH-IN RESTRICTION AND WHAT USERS SHOULD CHECK

If you use Coins.ph to receive money or pay bills, a failed cash-in can disrupt plans for the day. Coins.ph has announced that some incoming peso services are temporarily unavailable following a BSP directive to improve its internal controls. Its advisory also identifies services that existing customers can still use.

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12:00 PM5-minute read

ABOUT THE PROPOSED RULES ON SECONDHAND PHONES

A secondhand phone can put a useful device within reach of someone who cannot afford a new one. The problem comes when the buyer has no clear information about where it came from, what condition it is in, or who will fix it if it fails.

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8:35 PM6-minute read

ABOUT THE SUPREME COURT’S DECISION ON THE IMPEACHMENT VOTE THRESHOLD

The Supreme Court dismissed three petitions on September 30 challenging how the Senate impeachment court would count the votes needed to convict Vice President Sara Duterte. The dismissal leaves the Senate’s September 23 ruling in place, but it needs to be read carefully. A case can be dismissed because it does not meet the requirements for the Court to hear it, without settling whether the challenged action is constitutional.

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6:12 AM6-minute read

ABOUT WHAT BASTE DUTERTE SHOULD HAVE CHECKED AS MAYOR

Davao City Mayor Sebastian “Baste” Duterte told the Senate impeachment court on September 29 that he had been unfamiliar with GenCorp Industries Inc. before it came up in the proceedings. He also said he did not know about Vice President Sara Duterte’s declared business interest in the company.

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10:45 PM7-minute read

ABOUT THE OCTOBER WATER-RATE INCREASES

Metro Manila households served by Maynilad and Manila Water will see slightly higher water charges beginning October 1. The announced increases are small for many residential customers, but the figures vary by concessionaire and consumption level. That makes it easy to misunderstand a notice expressed only in centavos per cubic meter.

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7:21 AM6-minute read

ABOUT THE NOTE HANDED TO GIBO TEODORO IN SEOUL

Defense Secretary Gilberto “Gibo” Teodoro Jr. was answering questions at the Seoul Defense Dialogue on September 8 when a man handed him a note. He read it aloud, challenged its rejection of the 2016 South China Sea ruling and objected to being interrupted that way.

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9:55 AM8-minute read

ABOUT EL NIÑO AND PREPARING FOR LESS RAIN

It can be raining outside while PAGASA warns about El Niño. That can sound confusing when the immediate problem is a wet road or a flooded field. The two warnings describe different periods: the weather happening now and the rainfall conditions that may develop over the coming months.

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5:30 AM8-minute read

ABOUT THE NEW ARREST WARRANTS AGAINST ZALDY CO, MARTIN ROMUALDEZ AND TWO OTHERS

The Sandiganbayan has ordered the arrest of Zaldy Co, Martin Romualdez and two other accused in the plunder case filed on September 7. By Monday evening, authorities had served Romualdez's warrant and carried out booking procedures at Cardinal Santos Medical Center in San Juan. His arrest is a confirmed development; it does not establish that his three co-accused are also in custody.

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3:15 PM8-minute read

ABOUT THE PLUNDER CASE AGAINST MARTIN ROMUALDEZ

The Office of the Ombudsman filed a plunder case against former House Speaker Martin Romualdez at the Sandiganbayan on September 7 over his alleged involvement in flood-control kickbacks. The accusations have now reached the court that will handle the criminal case. Romualdez denies wrongdoing and remains presumed innocent.

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1:18 PM7-minute read

ABOUT THE NEW SWS POVERTY NUMBERS

Self-rated poverty and food poverty declined in June, but the figures also show how many Filipino families remain under pressure and why lower household budgets do not necessarily mean life became cheaper.

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2:02 PM11-minute read

ABOUT THE CHILDREN'S SOCIAL MEDIA SAFETY ACT

House Bill No. 9965 would bar children below 13 from having social media accounts, require parental consent for users aged 13 to 17, regulate platform algorithms, and impose fines reaching P50 million. It is still being deliberated in the House.

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12:02 PM7-minute read

ABOUT THE SEALED BIR BOX

Marcos authorized the BIR to comply with the Senate subpoena. That did not open the records to the public or prove the unexplained-wealth allegation.

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MCT READER PULSE · MCT-PULSE-2026-014

MCT READER SURVEY

Sang-ayon ka ba sa desisyon ng prosekusyon na i-withdraw ang tatlo sa apat na impeachment article laban kay Sara Duterte at ituloy lamang ang Article II?

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August 7, 2026 · 10:55 AM8-minute read

ABOUT THE PHILIPPINES’ DEFENSE PACTS WITH CANADA AND NEW ZEALAND

What the visiting-forces agreements regulate, why the Senate must concur, and what they do not require the three countries to do.

The Senate is preparing to act on separate agreements covering Canadian and New Zealand military personnel who temporarily enter the Philippines for approved activities.

These are Status of Visiting Forces Agreements, often shortened to SOVFAs. They provide legal rules for visits, exercises, training and other mutually approved defense cooperation.

They are important, but their name can create the wrong impression. A visiting-forces agreement is not the same as a mutual-defense treaty. It does not by itself create permanent foreign bases or require Canada or New Zealand to fight for the Philippines.

Here are five things to understand.

1

THE AGREEMENTS SET RULES FOR TEMPORARY MILITARY VISITS

Military personnel operating in another country raise practical legal questions. Officials need rules covering entry and departure, identification, uniforms, weapons, vehicles, taxes, discipline and claims arising from an activity.

A SOVFA supplies that framework before personnel arrive for an approved exercise or program. Without it, the countries would have to resolve many of those questions separately for each visit.

The agreements do not give Canadian or New Zealand forces a general right to enter the Philippines whenever they choose. Activities still have to be accepted by the participating governments and carried out under the agreement and Philippine law.

The word visiting matters. These instruments govern temporary presence. They should not be described as leases of Philippine territory or authority to establish permanent foreign bases.

WHAT TO WATCH

Read the final Senate resolutions and treaty text for the definitions of visiting personnel, approved activities and the Philippine authorities responsible for implementation.

2

THE SENATE HAS A CONSTITUTIONAL ROLE BEFORE THE PACTS CAN BIND THE PHILIPPINES

The executive branch negotiates and signs international agreements, but Article VII, Section 21 of the Constitution says a treaty or international agreement is not valid and effective unless at least two-thirds of all senators concur.

The agreements with Canada and New Zealand were therefore transmitted to the Senate for review. Senators can examine the text, hear from executive officials and decide whether to concur.

Senate concurrence is not a ceremonial endorsement. It is the constitutional step that gives the chamber responsibility for the legal commitments the Philippines accepts.

A Senate vote also does not rewrite every detail of the agreements. If senators believe a provision is unacceptable, the legal and diplomatic response may require a reservation, clarification or further action involving the other country.

WHAT TO WATCH

Watch the vote count and the exact wording of any Senate resolutions, reservations or interpretive statements rather than relying only on announcements that the pacts were approved.

3

CRIMINAL JURISDICTION IS ONE OF THE MOST IMPORTANT PARTS

When a visiting service member is accused of an offense, both the sending country and the Philippines may have an interest in the case. A visiting-forces agreement sets rules for deciding which country has the primary right to prosecute in different circumstances.

The answer can depend on whether the alleged conduct arose from official duty, whether the offense was directed only against the sending country, and where the act occurred.

Primary jurisdiction is not the same as immunity from all law. The agreements create procedures for prosecution, custody, cooperation and requests to waive priority; they do not erase criminal responsibility.

The exact text matters. Summaries cannot settle who would hold an accused person during a particular case or which government would prosecute first. Those questions must be answered from the applicable provision and the facts of the incident.

WHAT TO WATCH

Watch for the government’s public explanation of jurisdiction, custody, official-duty claims and waiver requests, especially how victims can participate and obtain information.

4

THE PACTS MAKE MORE TRAINING POSSIBLE, BUT THEY DO NOT CREATE AUTOMATIC WAR OBLIGATIONS

A stable legal framework makes it easier to organize recurring exercises, professional exchanges, humanitarian-assistance training and other defense activities with Canada and New Zealand.

That can improve familiarity among armed forces and reduce administrative uncertainty. The actual benefit, however, depends on the activities later approved, the people trained and the capabilities transferred.

A SOVFA is not a promise that another country will automatically defend the Philippines after an attack. Mutual-defense obligations come from a different kind of treaty and must be found in the language of that treaty.

It is therefore accurate to call these defense-cooperation agreements. It is misleading to present them as two new automatic security guarantees.

WHAT TO WATCH

Look for specific exercise plans, participating units, costs and training goals. Those details will show what cooperation the agreements produce in practice.

5

STRATEGIC VALUE DOES NOT REMOVE THE NEED FOR OVERSIGHT

The Philippines is expanding defense cooperation while facing maritime pressure and wider regional security risks. Agreements with additional partners can give the country more training options and reduce dependence on a single relationship.

That context does not prove that every activity under a SOVFA will strengthen Philippine security. Each exercise should still have a defined purpose, lawful authority, safety plan and measurable benefit.

Officials must also be accountable for incidents involving local communities, environmental damage, unpaid claims or alleged crimes. A legal framework is useful only if its procedures are followed and the public can see that Philippine rights are protected.

The best test is not the number of foreign uniforms that visit. It is whether the cooperation builds Philippine capability while preserving Philippine consent, jurisdiction and sovereignty.

WHAT TO WATCH

Watch implementation after concurrence: which activities are approved, whether incidents are reported transparently, how claims are resolved and what lasting capability the Philippines receives.

BOTTOM LINE

The agreements with Canada and New Zealand establish legal ground rules for temporary, mutually approved military visits. They can make training and other defense cooperation easier to organize, while setting procedures for jurisdiction, custody, entry and related responsibilities. They do not by themselves establish permanent foreign bases or create automatic promises that Canada or New Zealand will defend the Philippines in war. Senate concurrence is therefore the beginning of accountability, not the end. The real measure will be how the agreements are implemented and whether each activity produces a clear Philippine benefit without weakening Philippine law or control.

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