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LATEST COMMENTARY

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FIVE THINGS TO KNOW

3-minute read

WHY WINNING DOES NOT END A VOTE-BUYING CASE

If a candidate has already won and been proclaimed, can a vote-buying case still cost them the position? The Supreme Court’s latest announcement on two Candijay, Bohol candidates shows why the election result does not settle everything.

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5-minute read

HOW THE NEXT CHIEF JUSTICE IS CHOSEN

The Judicial and Bar Council has finished interviewing candidates to succeed Chief Justice Alexander Gesmundo, who is due to retire on November 6. GMA News reported the completed interviews on October 27. The interviews are one stage of a process that gives the President a choice, but also sets limits on who can be chosen and how the appointment is made.

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4-minute read

ABOUT COMPENSATION FOR WORK-RELATED HEAT ILLNESS

If someone becomes ill while working in extreme heat, the problem can continue after the shift ends: medical bills, missed work and uncertainty about where to ask for help. The Department of Labor and Employment (DOLE) announced guidelines on October 23 for heat-illness claims under the existing Employees' Compensation Program (ECP).

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5-minute read

ABOUT BATO DELA ROSA’S ₱50-MILLION BOUNTY

The DILG announced a ₱50-million bounty for Senator Bato dela Rosa’s capture on October 23. The announcement came after months of talk about a possible reward—and days after Interior Secretary Jonvic Remulla said authorities knew dela Rosa was in Mindanao and were negotiating for his turnover.

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Afternoon6-minute read

ABOUT THE OVP’S 2027 BUDGET AFTER A 16-MINUTE SENATE HEARING

The Office of the Vice President’s proposed budget moved through a Senate panel today in 16 minutes. Vice President Sara Duterte was absent; her chief of staff answered for the office. Yesterday’s MCT explainer looked at parliamentary courtesy. Today’s question is what that short hearing actually did to the spending plan, and what it left for the Senate to examine.

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Afternoon6-minute read

ABOUT THE EDSA BUSWAY’S 2027 BUDGET GAP

The Department of Transportation is again asking Congress to fund the EDSA Busway. Its original ₱1.756 billion request received zero in the administration’s proposed 2027 National Expenditure Program. A House budget panel later inserted ₱75 million. Those two statements describe different stages of the same budget process. Neither tells us yet what Congress will finally approve.

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Afternoon7-minute read

ABOUT DECLARING AN AMBASSADOR PERSONA NON GRATA

Several lawmakers want Chinese Ambassador Jing Quan sent home. The Chinese Embassy has challenged them to follow through. That exchange leaves an ordinary reader with a reasonable question: if our own officials say an ambassador should leave, why is he still here?

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7:23 AM5-minute read

ABOUT LINO CAYETANO AND THE CHANGE AT THE PCO

President Ferdinand Marcos Jr. announced on October 11 that Lino Cayetano would replace Dave Gomez at the Presidential Communications Office. He said Gomez had been bypassed by the Commission on Appointments and that the change would be formalized when they returned from Singapore.

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6:10 PM4-minute read

ABOUT THE DISPUTE OVER CHANGING THE ORDER OF IMPEACHMENT WITNESSES

The argument at Thursday’s impeachment hearing was about which witness the prosecution could present next. It began with an absent lawyer and became a dispute over preparation and notice. Understanding the exchange helps explain why a courtroom can pause even when the parties, documents and another potential witness are already in the building.

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3:01 PM3-minute read

ABOUT MARK VILLAR’S MOVE TO THE SENATE MAJORITY

Senator Mark Villar has formally left the Senate minority and joined the majority. The October 8 move strengthens the bloc supporting the chamber’s leadership and gives Villar two significant positions. Its implications for Sara Duterte’s impeachment trial, however, require more than counting political allies.

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9:56 AM4-minute read

ABOUT THE MANAGER’S CHECKS AND THE QUESTIONS OVER SARA DUTERTE’S SALN

A bank balance can fall even when the value represented by the money has not disappeared. That distinction sits behind the prosecution’s questions about manager’s checks in Sara Duterte’s impeachment trial. To understand the October 7 testimony, we need to follow the instrument, the person entitled to its value and the declaration of assets for the relevant year.

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9:08 PM3-minute read

ABOUT WHAT COA’S REJECTION OF THE OVP APPEAL MEANS

COA has rejected the request to reconsider the ₱73.287-million disallowance involving the Office of the Vice President’s December 2022 confidential expenses. The October 5 resolution became public on October 7. Its significance is easier to understand when the amount, the audit finding and the available legal remedies are kept separate.

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7:47 AM3-minute read

ABOUT WHAT BANK SECRECY PROTECTS IN AN IMPEACHMENT TRIAL

The arguments over bank records in Sara Duterte’s impeachment trial involve several protections. The privacy of a peso deposit, the protection of a foreign-currency deposit, and the confidentiality of a report sent to the AMLC come from different rules. Understanding those differences helps explain what the court has allowed and what remains in dispute.

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8:43 AM8-minute read

ABOUT THE AMLC RECORDS IN SARA DUTERTE’S IMPEACHMENT TRIAL

₱4.4 billion is a figure that can dominate a conversation before anyone asks what it counts. AMLC Executive Director Ronel Buenaventura presented that approximate total in the Senate impeachment court on October 5, covering reported transactions involving Vice President Sara Duterte and her husband, Manases Carpio. He also explained that a bank correction had reduced the earlier figure of ₱6.7 billion.

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6:44 PM5-minute read

ABOUT THE COINS.PH CASH-IN RESTRICTION AND WHAT USERS SHOULD CHECK

If you use Coins.ph to receive money or pay bills, a failed cash-in can disrupt plans for the day. Coins.ph has announced that some incoming peso services are temporarily unavailable following a BSP directive to improve its internal controls. Its advisory also identifies services that existing customers can still use.

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12:00 PM5-minute read

ABOUT THE PROPOSED RULES ON SECONDHAND PHONES

A secondhand phone can put a useful device within reach of someone who cannot afford a new one. The problem comes when the buyer has no clear information about where it came from, what condition it is in, or who will fix it if it fails.

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8:35 PM6-minute read

ABOUT THE SUPREME COURT’S DECISION ON THE IMPEACHMENT VOTE THRESHOLD

The Supreme Court dismissed three petitions on September 30 challenging how the Senate impeachment court would count the votes needed to convict Vice President Sara Duterte. The dismissal leaves the Senate’s September 23 ruling in place, but it needs to be read carefully. A case can be dismissed because it does not meet the requirements for the Court to hear it, without settling whether the challenged action is constitutional.

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6:12 AM6-minute read

ABOUT WHAT BASTE DUTERTE SHOULD HAVE CHECKED AS MAYOR

Davao City Mayor Sebastian “Baste” Duterte told the Senate impeachment court on September 29 that he had been unfamiliar with GenCorp Industries Inc. before it came up in the proceedings. He also said he did not know about Vice President Sara Duterte’s declared business interest in the company.

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10:45 PM7-minute read

ABOUT THE OCTOBER WATER-RATE INCREASES

Metro Manila households served by Maynilad and Manila Water will see slightly higher water charges beginning October 1. The announced increases are small for many residential customers, but the figures vary by concessionaire and consumption level. That makes it easy to misunderstand a notice expressed only in centavos per cubic meter.

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7:21 AM6-minute read

ABOUT THE NOTE HANDED TO GIBO TEODORO IN SEOUL

Defense Secretary Gilberto “Gibo” Teodoro Jr. was answering questions at the Seoul Defense Dialogue on September 8 when a man handed him a note. He read it aloud, challenged its rejection of the 2016 South China Sea ruling and objected to being interrupted that way.

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9:55 AM8-minute read

ABOUT EL NIÑO AND PREPARING FOR LESS RAIN

It can be raining outside while PAGASA warns about El Niño. That can sound confusing when the immediate problem is a wet road or a flooded field. The two warnings describe different periods: the weather happening now and the rainfall conditions that may develop over the coming months.

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5:30 AM8-minute read

ABOUT THE NEW ARREST WARRANTS AGAINST ZALDY CO, MARTIN ROMUALDEZ AND TWO OTHERS

The Sandiganbayan has ordered the arrest of Zaldy Co, Martin Romualdez and two other accused in the plunder case filed on September 7. By Monday evening, authorities had served Romualdez's warrant and carried out booking procedures at Cardinal Santos Medical Center in San Juan. His arrest is a confirmed development; it does not establish that his three co-accused are also in custody.

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3:15 PM8-minute read

ABOUT THE PLUNDER CASE AGAINST MARTIN ROMUALDEZ

The Office of the Ombudsman filed a plunder case against former House Speaker Martin Romualdez at the Sandiganbayan on September 7 over his alleged involvement in flood-control kickbacks. The accusations have now reached the court that will handle the criminal case. Romualdez denies wrongdoing and remains presumed innocent.

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1:18 PM7-minute read

ABOUT THE NEW SWS POVERTY NUMBERS

Self-rated poverty and food poverty declined in June, but the figures also show how many Filipino families remain under pressure and why lower household budgets do not necessarily mean life became cheaper.

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2:02 PM11-minute read

ABOUT THE CHILDREN'S SOCIAL MEDIA SAFETY ACT

House Bill No. 9965 would bar children below 13 from having social media accounts, require parental consent for users aged 13 to 17, regulate platform algorithms, and impose fines reaching P50 million. It is still being deliberated in the House.

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12:02 PM7-minute read

ABOUT THE SEALED BIR BOX

Marcos authorized the BIR to comply with the Senate subpoena. That did not open the records to the public or prove the unexplained-wealth allegation.

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October 31, 2026

FIVE THINGS ABOUT VICTIM PARTICIPATION IN DUTERTE’S ICC TRIAL

Duterte case fourth status conference, October 13, 2026: Trial Chamber III judges enter the courtroom. © ICC-CPI. This courtroom file photograph does not depict applicants or a victim-admission hearing.

A new Registry report has put victim applications back in focus ahead of Rodrigo Duterte’s trial at the International Criminal Court. The October 29 filing assesses 50 applications. It does not announce that 50 people have been admitted to the trial.

For families seeking a place in the proceedings, the distinction has practical consequences. An application has to be assessed against the crimes covered by the case, and the judges decide whether to admit it. Even after admission, participation has a different purpose from giving witness testimony or receiving compensation.

Here are five things to understand before the trial’s scheduled opening on November 30.

1

THE REGISTRY SCREENS APPLICATIONS; THE JUDGES DECIDE

The Registry’s Victims Participation and Reparations Section helps process applications. It checks whether they are complete and whether the harm described is connected to crimes covered by the case.

Its screening system has three groups. Group A contains applications it considers clearly eligible. Group B contains those it considers outside the case’s scope. Group C contains applications on which it cannot make a clear determination. Those classifications help the judges assess the applications; they do not replace the judges’ decision.

In the October 29 report, the Registry classified 46 complete applications as Group A and four as Group C. It asked for judicial guidance on the unresolved applications. Calling all 50 “newly admitted victims” would skip that decision.

There is another counting problem: the court permits both individual and household application forms. The number of forms cannot simply be reported as the number of people.

2

ELIGIBILITY DEPENDS ON THE CRIMES INCLUDED IN THIS CASE

A person seeking participation must show a connection between the harm suffered and the crimes charged. The process therefore requires more than establishing that someone was affected by the wider anti-drug campaign.

The October 29 report also raises questions about people already authorized to participate. Following the Chamber’s October 9 decision on the charges, the Registry preliminarily identified at least 13 earlier applications, involving 16 participants, as outside its understanding of the trial’s scope.

The Registry said it would finalize its review after the judges’ decision and any clarification. It did not report that the judges had excluded those 16 people. Subtracting them from the earlier participation total would turn an unfinished assessment into a final result.

For families, a decision about the limits of this particular case must also be distinguished from a finding that no harm occurred. The participation process asks whether the harm fits the case before these judges.

3

VICTIMS HAVE THEIR OWN LEGAL VOICE

Participating victims can present their views and concerns when their personal interests are affected, usually through lawyers. Their representatives speak for those interests independently of the prosecution and defense.

The judges determine when and how that participation takes place. Lawyers may make written or oral submissions and, when permitted, question witnesses. Participation does not give every applicant an unrestricted opportunity to address the courtroom or direct the prosecution.

The ICC’s October 30 trial advisory illustrates the separate roles. It schedules opening statements from the prosecution and the victims’ common legal representatives, followed by the defense if it requests to make one. The victims’ representatives have been allotted three hours for their opening statement; the prosecution has six.

This gives families a formal route to raise concerns through their lawyers without requiring every participating victim to travel to The Hague.

4

A PARTICIPANT IS NOT AUTOMATICALLY A WITNESS

A participating victim presents views and concerns through the process the judges allow. A witness gives evidence and answers questions. One person can have both roles, but admission as a participant does not automatically make that person a prosecution witness.

That difference helps explain why an application count is not a measure of how much trial evidence has been proved. The judges still have to assess the evidence supporting the charges and the defense’s response.

Duterte remains presumed innocent. Under Article 66 of the Rome Statute, the prosecution carries the burden of proving guilt, and conviction requires proof beyond reasonable doubt. Article 68 also requires victim participation to respect the accused’s rights and a fair, impartial trial.

Recognizing a person’s right to participate does not decide whether Duterte is criminally responsible for the alleged harm.

5

PARTICIPATION DOES NOT GUARANTEE REPARATIONS

Reparations are a separate process through which the court can order redress for harm. After a conviction, judges may order reparations relating to the crimes for which the person was convicted. Depending on the case, these can include compensation, rehabilitation or other measures.

Being admitted as a participant is not a promise of payment. Conversely, the ICC’s guidance for the Duterte case says a person does not have to participate in the pre-trial or trial proceedings to apply for reparations.

Families therefore need to distinguish three decisions: acceptance of an application to participate, the verdict on the accused, and any later reparations decision. None should be announced merely because the preceding step has taken place.

BOTTOM LINE

The October 29 filing shows how the Registry is assessing applications and which questions it wants the judges to resolve. The trial will separately determine whether the prosecution proves its case.

Victim participation gives affected people a legal voice in that process. Accurate reporting must preserve both that role and the decisions that remain unfinished: who qualifies to participate, what the evidence proves, and whether reparations can eventually be ordered.

SOURCES

  1. ICC Registry, October 29, 2026: First Registry Report on Group A and C Applications for Victim Participation in Trial Proceedings. Original public redacted report, paragraphs 1, 7, 17–19 and 28–29.
  2. ICC: Information for victims in the Duterte case, including application assessment, household forms and reparations guidance.
  3. ICC: Victims and their participation in proceedings.
  4. ICC: Victims’ information booklet, explaining the distinction between participation and witness testimony.
  5. ICC, October 30, 2026: Opening of the Duterte trial on November 30: practical information.
  6. Rome Statute, Articles 66, 68(3) and 75.

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